全文获取类型
收费全文 | 733篇 |
免费 | 169篇 |
国内免费 | 162篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 34篇 |
大气科学 | 45篇 |
地球物理 | 197篇 |
地质学 | 340篇 |
海洋学 | 167篇 |
天文学 | 1篇 |
综合类 | 66篇 |
自然地理 | 214篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 15篇 |
2022年 | 37篇 |
2021年 | 43篇 |
2020年 | 37篇 |
2019年 | 33篇 |
2018年 | 26篇 |
2017年 | 44篇 |
2016年 | 50篇 |
2015年 | 27篇 |
2014年 | 68篇 |
2013年 | 47篇 |
2012年 | 50篇 |
2011年 | 42篇 |
2010年 | 47篇 |
2009年 | 43篇 |
2008年 | 70篇 |
2007年 | 45篇 |
2006年 | 69篇 |
2005年 | 38篇 |
2004年 | 30篇 |
2003年 | 42篇 |
2002年 | 17篇 |
2001年 | 30篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1064条查询结果,搜索用时 197 毫秒
81.
82.
83.
引入湿地旅游资源"资产化管理"和"生态承载能力"两个概念,通过资源资产化管理厘清湿地生态资源所有权和经营权关系,着眼于源头市场化监管,责任约束;通过生态承载能力监控,将湿地生态旅游开发限制在生态良好可控范围之内,从而形成以生态向好带动旅游开发,以旅游开发促进生态投入的良性均衡形态。 相似文献
84.
黄河上游及源头区生态环境质量综合评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文简要介绍了利用遥感和地理信息系统技术进行黄河上游及源头区生态环境质量综合评价中,评价因子的获取及其分值和权值的确定,评价模型的建立及评价等级的划分。评价结果表明,该区环境质量具有垂直分带规律,人类不合理的经济活动是影响环境质量的重要因素。 相似文献
85.
A 3-year study of indoor radon in more than 1000 homes in northern Virginia and southern Maryland was conducted using 3-month
exposure alpha-track monitors. In a study set of 200 homes, first-floor indoor radon concentrations, which most closely approximates
home exposure levels, averaged slightly more than 3 pCi/l. In a study set of 100 homes, sub-slab ventilation was used to reduce
indoor radon concentrations. Interest in remediation was related to public perception of the hazardous nature of radon; people
living in homes with indoor radon measurements of more than 4 pCi/l were more likely to participate in the remediation phase
of the project. Sub-slab ventilation was successful in more than 90% of the homes in reducing indoor radon from concentrations
as high as 30 pCi/ to less than 4 pCi/l, at least for the entire year of post-remediation radon measurements.
Received: 29 February 1996 · Accepted: 29 May 1996 相似文献
86.
This work offers a methodology based on statistical tools and GIS applications in a study of the adaptability of Opuntia to the environment, applied on the Mediterranean island of Sardinia. Detailed surveys of habitats containing naturalized populations of Opuntia spp. were made in order to select study sites. The topographic, soil and climatic features of these are described. The local biotypes are ascribed mainly to the spineless Opuntia ficus–indica (L.) Mill. and to the spiny Opuntia amyclaea Ten. Although introduced at different times, for different uses, they have adapted to the Sardinian environment and established in the wild. The distributions of the two species differed. The FloraMap® modelling approach was used to simulate Opuntia distribution as a function of the island's climate and produced individual distribution maps using the accession points for the two species. Our analysis showed that environmental conditions at elevations above 800 m are the main limiting factors for the presence and abundance of Opuntia in Sardinia. Spatial representation developed by GIS software indicated temperatures below 2 °C as the threshold impairing the species naturalized distribution. The statistic results also show that variation in rainfall does not affect Opuntia spatial distribution in Sardinia. 相似文献
87.
Cardoso I Pais MP Henriques S da Fonseca LC Cabral HN 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(5):992-1001
The importance of establishing the ecological quality of estuarine systems has been widely acknowledged and led to the development of several fish community-based multimetric indices. Nevertheless, a question rose about the accuracy of these tools when natural disturbance is acting upon the organization of the systems’ communities. Four multimetric indices were used to examine their ability to differentiate the ecological status of five small estuarine systems (southern Portugal), and also to test if they reflected the level of anthropogenic pressures. Fish assemblages from Mira, Odeceixe and Aljezur (in the Southwest coast), Gilão and Bensafrim (in the South coast) estuaries were sampled seasonally for one year, and anthropogenic sources of pressure were identified and quantified. We found that although the applied indices provided information on ecological condition differentiation among systems, they are unable to explain different classes of ecological status in systems with equivalent pressure levels. 相似文献
88.
Paganelli D Forni G Marchini A Mazziotti C Occhipinti-Ambrogi A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(8):1725-256
According to the European Water Framework Directive, the ecological status (ES) of a water body is determined by comparing observation data with undisturbed Reference Conditions (RCs). Defining RCs is crucial when evaluating the ES of a water body as it strongly affects the final outcome of any index application. Identifying RCs by observing real sites is not feasible in many marine environments, such as the Emilia-Romagna coast (Italy, N-Adriatic Sea). We used a statistical approach on a large dataset to derive RCs for the application of the benthic index M-AMBI in this area. We then applied M-AMBI to samples collected along a gradient of presumed environmental disturbance. The results put 14.8% of the Emilia-Romagna samples in “High” ES, 60.2% in “Good”, 23.0% in “Moderate” and 2.0% in “Poor”, showing a spatial gradient of improving quality. These results are in agreement with the extensive ecological knowledge available for this area. 相似文献
89.
Overview of integrative tools and methods in assessing ecological integrity in estuarine and coastal systems worldwide 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
Borja A Bricker SB Dauer DM Demetriades NT Ferreira JG Forbes AT Hutchings P Jia X Kenchington R Carlos Marques J Zhu C 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(9):1519-1537
In recent years, several sets of legislation worldwide (Oceans Act in USA, Australia or Canada; Water Framework Directive or Marine Strategy in Europe, National Water Act in South Africa, etc.) have been developed in order to address ecological quality or integrity, within estuarine and coastal systems. Most such legislation seeks to define quality in an integrative way, by using several biological elements, together with physico-chemical and pollution elements. Such an approach allows assessment of ecological status at the ecosystem level ('ecosystem approach' or 'holistic approach' methodologies), rather than at species level (e.g. mussel biomonitoring or Mussel Watch) or just at chemical level (i.e. quality objectives) alone. Increasing attention has been paid to the development of tools for different physico-chemical or biological (phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, algae, phanerogams, fishes) elements of the ecosystems. However, few methodologies integrate all the elements into a single evaluation of a water body. The need for such integrative tools to assess ecosystem quality is very important, both from a scientific and stakeholder point of view. Politicians and managers need information from simple and pragmatic, but scientifically sound methodologies, in order to show to society the evolution of a zone (estuary, coastal area, etc.), taking into account human pressures or recovery processes. These approaches include: (i) multidisciplinarity, inherent in the teams involved in their implementation; (ii) integration of biotic and abiotic factors; (iii) accurate and validated methods in determining ecological integrity; and (iv) adequate indicators to follow the evolution of the monitored ecosystems. While some countries increasingly use the establishment of marine parks to conserve marine biodiversity and ecological integrity, there is awareness (e.g. in Australia) that conservation and management of marine ecosystems cannot be restricted to Marine Protected Areas but must include areas outside such reserves. This contribution reviews the current situation of integrative ecological assessment worldwide, by presenting several examples from each of the continents: Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and North America. 相似文献
90.
区域旅游发展的生态安全系统分析——-以内蒙古自治区四子王旗为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
旅游发展有时会给目的地带来负面影响, 为了诊断其整体发展水平, 采用“压力―状态―响应”框架模型, 以内蒙古自治区四子王旗为例, 来分析区域旅游生态系统的安全状态。从旅游生态环境压力、旅游生态环境质量和 旅游生态环境保护整治及建设能力3 个方面来考虑, 根据层次分析法原理及各评价指标间的相互关系, 构建层次 结构模型, 和23 个指标。经过对评价指标不安全指数值的计算和标准值的确定以及指标权重值的确定, 再利用各 指标的不安全度公式和总体生态系统不安全度公式计算出旅游生态系统处于较不安全状态, 并讨论了甄别各因子 对生态系统的限制程度的方法, 对区域旅游发展的生态系统安全分析具有现实意义。 相似文献